The Khalistan movement advocates for a separate Sikh state and gained momentum in India in the 1980s. Despite losing traction in India following government crackdowns, support for the movement has persisted in Canada, where a sizeable Sikh diaspora continues to rally for this cause. While Canada supports freedom of expression, India argues that Canada has allowed extremist groups to promote anti-India sentiments.
Key Recent Events Influencing Canada-India Relations
- Allegations of Indian Involvement: In June 2023, Canada accused India of involvement in the killing of Hardeep Singh Nijjar, a Canadian Khalistan leader designated a terrorist by India. Canada’s allegations have led to an intense diplomatic standoff, with both countries expelling diplomats and freezing trade discussions ForumIAS Drishti IAS
- Pro-Khalistan Referendums and Rallies: Organizations like Sikhs for Justice have conducted Khalistan “referendums” in Canadian cities, attracting attention and controversy. Indian officials argue that these events promote extremism and disrupt peace, while Canada defends the gatherings as freedom of expression.
- Challenges to Diplomatic and Trade Relations: In light of ongoing tensions, Canada has paused trade talks with India, which may impact the substantial bilateral trade valued at nearly $8 billion. Canada also holds significant investments in India, including stakes in major Indian companies via pension funds, which may be affected by diplomatic setbacks
- Impact on Indian Students and Visas: With around 400,000 Indian students studying in Canada, the diplomatic fallout raises questions about future visa processing, student mobility, and bilateral education initiatives.
Looking Forward: Balancing Diplomatic Interests
The Canada-India relationship holds potential for collaboration, especially in areas like trade, education, and climate policy. However, to advance these areas, both nations will need to address the Khalistan issue diplomatically. Enhanced dialogue and measures to prevent extremist activities may ease tensions and create a foundation for a more stable relationship between Canada and India.
